收集示例 6 - 按年齡列印年齡和名稱對人進行分組

// Java:
Map<Integer, String> map = persons
        .stream()
        .collect(Collectors.toMap(
                p -> p.age,
                p -> p.name,
                (name1, name2) -> name1 + ";" + name2));

System.out.println(map);
// {18=Max, 23=Peter;Pamela, 12=David}    

好的，這裡是 Kotlin 的一個更有意義的案例。首先是探索從集合/序列建立 Map 的變體的錯誤答案：

// Kotlin:
val map1 = persons.map { it.age to it.name }.toMap()
println(map1)
// output: {18=Max, 23=Pamela, 12=David} 
// Result: duplicates overridden, no exception similar to Java 8

val map2 = persons.toMap({ it.age }, { it.name })
println(map2)
// output: {18=Max, 23=Pamela, 12=David} 
// Result: same as above, more verbose, duplicates overridden

val map3 = persons.toMapBy { it.age }
println(map3)
// output: {18=Person(name=Max, age=18), 23=Person(name=Pamela, age=23), 12=Person(name=David, age=12)}
// Result: duplicates overridden again

val map4 = persons.groupBy { it.age }
println(map4)
// output: {18=[Person(name=Max, age=18)], 23=[Person(name=Peter, age=23), Person(name=Pamela, age=23)], 12=[Person(name=David, age=12)]}
// Result: closer, but now have a Map<Int, List<Person>> instead of Map<Int, String>

val map5 = persons.groupBy { it.age }.mapValues { it.value.map { it.name } }
println(map5)
// output: {18=[Max], 23=[Peter, Pamela], 12=[David]}
// Result: closer, but now have a Map<Int, List<String>> instead of Map<Int, String>

現在為了正確答案：

// Kotlin:
val map6 = persons.groupBy { it.age }.mapValues { it.value.joinToString(";") { it.name } }

println(map6)
// output: {18=Max, 23=Peter;Pamela, 12=David}
// Result: YAY!!

我們只需要加入匹配值來摺疊列表，併為 joinToString 提供一個轉換器，以便從 Person 例項移動到 Person.name。