传说放在剧情之外

有时将图例放在图表外是必要或可取的。以下代码显示了如何执行此操作。

import matplotlib.pylab as plt
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(10,6)) # make the figure with the size 10 x 6 inches
fig.suptitle('Example of a Legend Being Placed Outside of Plot')

# The data
x =  [1, 2, 3]
y1 = [1, 2, 4]
y2 = [2, 4, 8]
y3 = [3, 5, 14]

# Labels to use for each line
line_labels = ["Item A", "Item B", "Item C"]

# Create the lines, assigning different colors for each one.
# Also store the created line objects
l1 = ax.plot(x, y1, color="red")[0]
l2 = ax.plot(x, y2, color="green")[0]
l3 = ax.plot(x, y3, color="blue")[0]

fig.legend([l1, l2, l3],              # List of the line objects
           labels= line_labels,       # The labels for each line
           loc="center right",        # Position of the legend
           borderaxespad=0.1,         # Add little spacing around the legend box
           title="Legend Title")      # Title for the legend

# Adjust the scaling factor to fit your legend text completely outside the plot
# (smaller value results in more space being made for the legend)
plt.subplots_adjust(right=0.85)

plt.show()

将图例置于图表外的另一种方法是使用 bbox_to_anchor + bbox_extra_artists + bbox_inches='tight'，如下例所示：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Data 
all_x = [10,20,30]
all_y = [[1,3], [1.5,2.9],[3,2]]

# Plot
fig = plt.figure(1)
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(all_x, all_y)

# Add legend, title and axis labels
lgd = ax.legend([ 'Lag ' + str(lag) for lag in all_x], loc='center right', bbox_to_anchor=(1.3, 0.5))
ax.set_title('Title')
ax.set_xlabel('x label')
ax.set_ylabel('y label')    

fig.savefig('image_output.png',
            dpi=300, 
            format='png', 
            bbox_extra_artists=(lgd,),
            bbox_inches='tight')