创建数组

go 中的数组是相同类型元素的有序集合。
表示数组的基本表示法是使用 [] 和变量名。

创建一个新数组看起来像 var array = [size]Type,用数字替换 size(例如 42 指定它将是 42 个元素的列表),并用数组可以包含的元素类型替换 Type(例如 intstring

在它下面是一个代码示例,显示了在 Go 中创建数组的不同方法。

// Creating arrays of 6 elements of type int,
// and put elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 inside it, in this exact order:
var array1 [6]int = [6]int {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} // classical way
var array2 = [6]int {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} // a less verbose way
var array3 = [...]int {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} // the compiler will count the array elements by itself

fmt.Println("array1:", array1) // > [1 2 3 4 5 6]
fmt.Println("array2:", array2) // > [1 2 3 4 5 6]
fmt.Println("array3:", array3) // > [1 2 3 4 5 6]

// Creating arrays with default values inside:
zeros := [8]int{}               // Create a list of 8 int filled with 0
ptrs := [8]*int{}               // a list of int pointers, filled with 8 nil references ( <nil> )
emptystr := [8]string{}         // a list of string filled with 8 times ""

fmt.Println("zeroes:", zeros)      // > [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0]
fmt.Println("ptrs:", ptrs)         // > [<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>]
fmt.Println("emptystr:", emptystr) // > [       ]  
// values are empty strings, separated by spaces,
// so we can just see separating spaces

// Arrays are also working with a personalized type
type Data struct {
    Number int
    Text   string
}

// Creating an array with 8 'Data' elements
// All the 8 elements will be like {0, ""} (Number = 0, Text = "")
structs := [8]Data{}  

fmt.Println("structs:", structs) // > [{0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 } {0 }] 
// prints {0 } because Number are 0 and Text are empty; separated by a space

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