修改命令的连续输出

Created: November-22, 2018

~$ ping -c 1 google.com # unmodified output
PING google.com (16.58.209.174) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net (16.58.209.174): icmp_seq=1 ttl=53 time=47.4 ms
~$ ping google.com | grep -o '^[0-9]\+[^()]\+' # modified output
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
64 bytes from wk-in-f100.1e100.net 
...

管道（|）将 ping 的 stdout 连接到 grep 的 stdin，grep 立即处理它。其他一些命令如 sed 默认缓冲他们的 stdin，这意味着它必须接收足够的数据，然后才能打印任何内容，可能导致进一步处理的延迟。