例項變數和類變數

讓我們首先了解一下例項變數： 它們的行為更像是物件的屬性。它們在物件建立時初始化。例項變數可通過例項方法訪問。每個物件具有每個例項變數。例項變數不在物件之間共享。

Sequence 類有 @ from，@ to 和 @by 作為例項變數。

class Sequence
    include Enumerable

    def initialize(from, to, by)
        @from = from
        @to = to
        @by = by
    end

    def each
        x = @from
        while x < @to
            yield x
            x = x + @by
        end
    end

    def *(factor)
        Sequence.new(@from*factor, @to*factor, @by*factor)
    end

    def +(offset)
        Sequence.new(@from+offset, @to+offset, @by+offset)
    end
end

object = Sequence.new(1,10,2)
object.each do |x|
    puts x
end

Output:
1
3
5
7
9

object1 = Sequence.new(1,10,3)
object1.each do |x|
    puts x
end

Output:
1
4
7

類變數將類變數視為 java 的靜態變數，它們在該類的各種物件之間共享。類變數儲存在堆記憶體中。

class Sequence
    include Enumerable
    @@count = 0
    def initialize(from, to, by)
        @from = from
        @to = to
        @by = by
        @@count = @@count + 1
    end

    def each
        x = @from
        while x < @to
            yield x
            x = x + @by
        end
    end

    def *(factor)
        Sequence.new(@from*factor, @to*factor, @by*factor)
    end

    def +(offset)
        Sequence.new(@from+offset, @to+offset, @by+offset)
    end

    def getCount
        @@count
    end
end

object = Sequence.new(1,10,2)
object.each do |x|
    puts x
end

Output:
1
3
5
7
9

object1 = Sequence.new(1,10,3)
object1.each do |x|
    puts x
end

Output:
1
4
7

puts object1.getCount
Output: 2

在 object 和 object1 之間共享。

比較 Ruby 與 Java 的例項和類變數：

Class Sequence{
    int from, to, by;
    Sequence(from, to, by){// constructor method of Java is equivalent to initialize method of ruby
        this.from = from;// this.from of java is equivalent to @from indicating currentObject.from
        this.to = to;
        this.by = by;
    }
    public void each(){
        int x = this.from;//objects attributes are accessible in the context of the object.
        while x > this.to
            x = x + this.by
    }
}