代理

代理物件通常用於確保對另一個物件的保護訪問，這個內部業務邏輯我們不希望汙染安全要求。

假設我們要保證只有特定許可權的使用者才能訪問資源。

代理定義:(確保只有實際可以看到預訂的使用者才能使用 consumer_service）

class Proxy
  def initialize(current_user, reservation_service)
    @current_user = current_user
    @reservation_service = reservation_service
  end

  def highest_total_price_reservations(date_from, date_to, reservations_count)
    if @current_user.can_see_reservations?
      @reservation_service.highest_total_price_reservations(
        date_from, 
        date_to, 
        reservations_count
      )
    else
      []
    end
  end 
end

型號和預訂服務：

class Reservation
  attr_reader :total_price, :date

  def initialize(date, total_price)
    @date = date
    @total_price = total_price
  end
end

class ReservationService
  def highest_total_price_reservations(date_from, date_to, reservations_count)
    # normally it would be read from database/external service
    reservations = [
      Reservation.new(Date.new(2014, 5, 15), 100),
      Reservation.new(Date.new(2017, 5, 15), 10),          
      Reservation.new(Date.new(2017, 1, 15), 50)
    ]

    filtered_reservations = reservations.select do |reservation|
      reservation.date.between?(date_from, date_to) 
    end

    filtered_reservations.take(reservations_count)
  end
end        

class User
  attr_reader :name

  def initialize(can_see_reservations, name)
    @can_see_reservations = can_see_reservations
    @name = name
  end

  def can_see_reservations?
    @can_see_reservations
  end
end

消費者服務：

class StatsService
  def initialize(reservation_service)
    @reservation_service = reservation_service
  end

  def year_top_100_reservations_average_total_price(year)
    reservations = @reservation_service.highest_total_price_reservations(
      Date.new(year, 1, 1),
      Date.new(year, 12, 31),
      100
    )

    if reservations.length > 0
      sum = reservations.reduce(0) do |memo, reservation| 
        memo + reservation.total_price
      end

      sum / reservations.length
    else
      0
    end
  end
end

測試：

def test(user, year)
  reservations_service = Proxy.new(user, ReservationService.new)
  stats_service = StatsService.new(reservations_service)
  average_price = stats_service.year_top_100_reservations_average_total_price(year)
  puts "#{user.name} will see: #{average_price}"
end

test(User.new(true, "John the Admin"), 2017)
test(User.new(false, "Guest"),         2017)

優點

• 當訪問限制發生變化時，我們會避免在 ReservationService 中進行任何更改。
• 我們沒有將業務相關資料（date_from，date_to，reservations_count）與服務中的域無關概念（使用者許可權）混合在一起。
• 消費者（StatsService）也沒有許可權相關的邏輯

CAVEATS

• 代理介面始終與它隱藏的物件完全相同，因此使用代理包含的服務的使用者甚至不知道代理存在。