代理

代理物件通常用於確保對另一個物件的保護訪問，這個內部業務邏輯我們不希望汙染安全要求。

假設我們要保證只有特定許可權的使用者才能訪問資源。

代理定義:(確保只有實際可以看到預訂的使用者才能使用 consumer_service）

from datetime import date
from operator import attrgetter

class Proxy:
    def __init__(self, current_user, reservation_service):
        self.current_user = current_user
        self.reservation_service = reservation_service

    def highest_total_price_reservations(self, date_from, date_to, reservations_count):
        if self.current_user.can_see_reservations:
            return self.reservation_service.highest_total_price_reservations(
                date_from,
                date_to,
                reservations_count
              )
        else:
            return []

#Models and ReservationService:

class Reservation:
    def __init__(self, date, total_price):
        self.date = date
        self.total_price = total_price

class ReservationService:
    def highest_total_price_reservations(self, date_from, date_to, reservations_count):
        # normally it would be read from database/external service
        reservations = [
            Reservation(date(2014, 5, 15), 100),
            Reservation(date(2017, 5, 15), 10),
            Reservation(date(2017, 1, 15), 50)
        ]

        filtered_reservations = [r for r in reservations if (date_from <= r.date <= date_to)]

        sorted_reservations = sorted(filtered_reservations, key=attrgetter('total_price'), reverse=True)

        return sorted_reservations[0:reservations_count]

class User:
    def __init__(self, can_see_reservations, name):
        self.can_see_reservations = can_see_reservations
        self.name = name

#Consumer service:

class StatsService:
    def __init__(self, reservation_service):
        self.reservation_service = reservation_service

    def year_top_100_reservations_average_total_price(self, year):
        reservations = self.reservation_service.highest_total_price_reservations(
            date(year, 1, 1),
            date(year, 12, 31),
            1
        )

        if len(reservations) > 0:
            total = sum(r.total_price for r in reservations)

            return total / len(reservations)
        else:
            return 0

#Test:
def test(user, year):
    reservations_service = Proxy(user, ReservationService())
    stats_service = StatsService(reservations_service)
    average_price = stats_service.year_top_100_reservations_average_total_price(year)
    print("{0} will see: {1}".format(user.name, average_price))

test(User(True, "John the Admin"), 2017)
test(User(False, "Guest"),         2017)

優點

• 當訪問限制發生變化時，我們會避免在 ReservationService 中進行任何更改。
• 我們沒有將業務相關資料（date_from，date_to，reservations_count）與服務中的域無關概念（使用者許可權）混合在一起。
• 消費者（StatsService）也沒有許可權相關的邏輯

CAVEATS

• 代理介面始終與它隱藏的物件完全相同，因此使用代理包含的服務的使用者甚至不知道代理存在。