執行 Lua 程式

通常,Lua 附帶兩個二進位制檔案:

  • lua - 獨立直譯器和互動式 shell
  • luac - 位元組碼編譯器

讓我們說我們有一個像這樣的示例程式(bottles_of_mate.lua):

local string = require "string"    

function bottle_take(bottles_available)

    local count_str = "%d bottles of mate on the wall."
    local take_str = "Take one down, pass it around, " .. count_str
    local end_str = "Oh noes, " .. count_str
    local buy_str = "Get some from the store, " .. count_str
    local bottles_left = 0

    if bottles_available > 0 then
         print(string.format(count_str, bottles_available))
         bottles_left = bottles_available - 1
         print(string.format(take_str, bottles_left))
    else
        print(string.format(end_str, bottles_available))
        bottles_left = 99
        print(string.format(buy_str, bottles_left))
    end

    return bottles_left
end

local bottle_count = 99

while true do
    bottle_count = bottle_take(bottle_count)
end

可以通過在 shell 上執行以下命令來執行程式本身:

$ lua bottles_of_mate.lua

輸出應該如下所示,在無限迴圈中執行:

Get some from the store, 99 bottles of mate on the wall.
99 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of mate on the wall.
98 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 97 bottles of mate on the wall.
97 bottles of mate on the wall.
...
...
3 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 2 bottles of mate on the wall.
2 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 1 bottles of mate on the wall.
1 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 0 bottles of mate on the wall.
Oh noes, 0 bottles of mate on the wall.
Get some from the store, 99 bottles of mate on the wall.
99 bottles of mate on the wall.
Take one down, pass it around, 98 bottles of mate on the wall.
...

你可以通過在你的 shell 上執行以下命令將程式編譯為 Lua 的位元組碼:

$ luac bottles_of_mate.lua -o bottles_of_mate.luac

位元組碼列表也可通過以下方式執行:

$ luac -l bottles_of_mate.lua

main <./bottles.lua:0,0> (13 instructions, 52 bytes at 0x101d530)
0+ params, 4 slots, 0 upvalues, 2 locals, 4 constants, 1 function
    1    [1]    GETGLOBAL    0 -1    ; require
    2    [1]    LOADK        1 -2    ; "string"
    3    [1]    CALL         0 2 2
    4    [22]    CLOSURE      1 0    ; 0x101d710
    5    [22]    MOVE         0 0
    6    [3]    SETGLOBAL    1 -3    ; bottle_take
    7    [24]    LOADK        1 -4    ; 99
    8    [27]    GETGLOBAL    2 -3    ; bottle_take
    9    [27]    MOVE         3 1
    10    [27]    CALL         2 2 2
    11    [27]    MOVE         1 2
    12    [27]    JMP          -5    ; to 8
    13    [28]    RETURN       0 1

function <./bottles.lua:3,22> (46 instructions, 184 bytes at 0x101d710)
1 param, 10 slots, 1 upvalue, 6 locals, 9 constants, 0 functions
    1    [5]    LOADK        1 -1    ; "%d bottles of mate on the wall."
    2    [6]    LOADK        2 -2    ; "Take one down, pass it around, "
    3    [6]    MOVE         3 1
    4    [6]    CONCAT       2 2 3
    5    [7]    LOADK        3 -3    ; "Oh noes, "
    6    [7]    MOVE         4 1
    7    [7]    CONCAT       3 3 4
    8    [8]    LOADK        4 -4    ; "Get some from the store, "
    9    [8]    MOVE         5 1
    10    [8]    CONCAT       4 4 5
    11    [9]    LOADK        5 -5    ; 0
    12    [11]    EQ           1 0 -5    ; - 0
    13    [11]    JMP          16    ; to 30
    14    [12]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    15    [12]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    16    [12]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    17    [12]    MOVE         8 1
    18    [12]    MOVE         9 0
    19    [12]    CALL         7 3 0
    20    [12]    CALL         6 0 1
    21    [13]    SUB          5 0 -8    ; - 1
    22    [14]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    23    [14]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    24    [14]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    25    [14]    MOVE         8 2
    26    [14]    MOVE         9 5
    27    [14]    CALL         7 3 0
    28    [14]    CALL         6 0 1
    29    [14]    JMP          15    ; to 45
    30    [16]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    31    [16]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    32    [16]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    33    [16]    MOVE         8 3
    34    [16]    MOVE         9 0
    35    [16]    CALL         7 3 0
    36    [16]    CALL         6 0 1
    37    [17]    LOADK        5 -9    ; 99
    38    [18]    GETGLOBAL    6 -6    ; print
    39    [18]    GETUPVAL     7 0    ; string
    40    [18]    GETTABLE     7 7 -7    ; "format"
    41    [18]    MOVE         8 4
    42    [18]    MOVE         9 5
    43    [18]    CALL         7 3 0
    44    [18]    CALL         6 0 1
    45    [21]    RETURN       5 2
    46    [22]    RETURN       0 1