澤西島的 CRUD 運營示例

此示例演示瞭如何在 REST 資源上執行 CRUD 操作時使用 GET,POST,PUT 和 DELETE HTTP 方法

我使用以下軟體,框架和工具:

  1. 澤西島 2.25.1
  2. JDK 1.7.x(Java 7)
  3. Eclipse IDE Kepler
  4. Apache Maven 3.3.9
  5. Apache Tomcat 7.x

請按照以下步驟建立所需的澤西應用程式

步驟 1: 通過選擇 File-> New-> Maven Project,在 Eclipse IDE 中使用 maven-archetype-webapp 原型建立一個新的 maven 專案

第 2 步:在專案的 pom.xml 檔案中新增以下依賴項。

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>
        <!-- if your container implements Servlet API older than 3.0, use "jersey-container-servlet-core" -->
        <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.25.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
        <artifactId>jersey-media-jaxb</artifactId>
        <version>2.25.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>
        <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId>
        <version>2.25.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.25</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

第 3 步:應用程式資源配置

建立一個擴充套件 org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig 類的類,並在其建構函式中註冊 JAX-RS 元件。這裡我們在 com.stackoverflow.ws.rest 包下注冊所有資源。

package com.stackoverflow.ws.rest;

import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig;

public class MyApplication extends ResourceConfig {

    public MyApplication() {
        packages("com.stackoverflow.ws.rest");
    }    
}

第 4 步:使用 id 和 name 等屬性建立一個簡單的 Java bean,如 Employee。並覆蓋 equals() 和 hashCode()方法。此外,該類應該有一個無引數的公共建構函式。請找到以下程式碼:

員工 Java bean 類

package com.stackoverflow.ws.rest.model;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

@XmlRootElement
public class Employee {

private int id;
private String name;
    
public Employee(){
    super();
}

public Employee(int id, String name) {
    super();
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
}

@XmlElement
public int getId() {
    return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
    this.id = id;
}

@XmlElement
public String getName() {
    return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

@Override
public int hashCode() {
    final int prime = 31;
    int result = 1;
    result = prime * result + id;
    result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
    return result;
}

@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (this == obj) {
        return true;
    }
    if (obj == null) {
        return false;
    }
    if (!(obj instanceof Employee)) {
        return false;
    }
    Employee other = (Employee) obj;
    if (id != other.id) {
        return false;
    }
    if (name == null) {
        if (other.name != null) {
            return false;
        }
    } else if (!name.equals(other.name)) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}
}

關於程式碼的一些額外資訊

  1. 註釋 @XmlRootElement 和 @XmlElement 是 JAXB 編組和解組請求和響應訊息所必需的。

第 5 步:建立員工資源,如下所示:

EmployeeResource 服務類

package com.stackoverflow.ws.rest;

import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;
import javax.ws.rs.DELETE;
import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.PUT;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Context;
import javax.ws.rs.core.GenericEntity;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
import javax.ws.rs.core.UriBuilder;
import javax.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;

import com.stackoverflow.ws.rest.model.Employee;

@Path("/employees")
public class EmployeeResource {

    private static Map<Integer, Employee> employeesRepository = new HashMap<Integer, Employee>();

// Read - get all the employees
@GET
@Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
public Response getEmployees() {
    List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<Employee>(
            employeesRepository.values());
    GenericEntity<List<Employee>> entity = new GenericEntity<List<Employee>>(
            employees) {
    };
    return Response.ok(entity).build();
}

// Read - get an employee for the given ID
@GET
@Path("/{key}")
@Produces({ MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
public Response getEmployee(@PathParam("key") int key) {

    if (employeesRepository.containsKey(key)) {

        return Response.ok(employeesRepository.get(key)).build();
    } else {

        return Response.status(404).build();
    }
}

// Create - create an employee
@POST
@Consumes({ MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
public Response addEmployee(Employee employee, @Context UriInfo uriInfo) {

    if(employee.getId()!=0){
        
        return Response.status(400).build();
    }
    
    int createdEmployeeId = 1;
    
    if(!employeesRepository.isEmpty()){
        
        createdEmployeeId = Collections.max(employeesRepository.keySet()) + 1;
    }
    
    employee.setId(createdEmployeeId);
    employeesRepository.put(createdEmployeeId, employee);
    
    UriBuilder builder = uriInfo.getAbsolutePathBuilder();
    URI createdURI = builder.path(Integer.toString(createdEmployeeId)).build();
    return Response.created(createdURI).build();
}

// Update - updates an existing employee
@PUT
@Path("/{key}")
@Consumes({ MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
public Response updateEmployee(@PathParam("key") int key, Employee employee) {

    int status = 0;

    if (employeesRepository.containsKey(key)) {
        // update employeeRepostory
        employeesRepository.put(key, employee);
        status = 204;
    } else {
        status = 404;
    }
    return Response.status(status).build();
}

// Delete - deletes an existing employee
@DELETE
@Path("/{key}")
public Response deleteEmployee(@PathParam("key") int key) {

    employeesRepository.remove(key);
    return Response.noContent().build();
}

// Delete - deletes all the employees
@DELETE
public Response deleteEmployees() {

    employeesRepository.clear();
    return Response.noContent().build();
}
}

注意: 儘管 POST 和 PUT 方法都可用於建立和/或更新資源,但我們在此限制 POST 方法更新現有資源和 PUT 方法以建立新資源。但要了解有關這些方法的更多資訊,請訪問此連結

步驟 6:最後在 Deployment Descriptor 檔案中新增 Jersey Servlet 配置(web.xml)

<web-app>
  <display-name>Jersey 2.25.1 based REST Application</display-name>

   <servlet>
        <servlet-name>JerseyFrontController</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>javax.ws.rs.Application</param-name>
            <param-value>com.stackoverflow.ws.rest.MyApplication</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>JerseyFrontController</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/ws/rest/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

步驟 7:在確保專案中的以下資料夾結構後,清理並構建專案。

StackOverflow 文件

步驟 8:在 Apache Tomcat 中執行應用程式。

現在,在 chrome 或 SOAP UI 中使用一些 REST 客戶端(如 POSTMAN 擴充套件)導航到 http:// {hostname}:{portnumber} / {projectName / applicationName} / ws / rest / employees,使用適當的 HTTP 方法,不要忘記在 HTTP 請求中新增帶有 application / jsonapplication / xml 的 Accept 標頭作為值。 **** ****