wait() 和 notify() 方法

wait() 和 notify() 協同工作 - 當一個執行緒在一個物件上呼叫 wait() 時，該執行緒將阻塞，直到另一個執行緒在同一個物件上呼叫 notify() 或 notifyAll()。

（另請參閱： wait()/ notify() ）

package com.example.examples.object;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;

public class WaitAndNotify {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Object obj = new Object();
        AtomicBoolean aHasFinishedWaiting = new AtomicBoolean(false);
    
        Thread threadA = new Thread("Thread A") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("A1: Could print before or after B1");
                System.out.println("A2: Thread A is about to start waiting...");
                try {
                    synchronized (obj) { // wait() must be in a synchronized block
                        // execution of thread A stops until obj.notify() is called
                        obj.wait();
                    }
                    System.out.println("A3: Thread A has finished waiting. "
                            + "Guaranteed to happen after B3");
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("Thread A was interrupted while waiting");
                } finally {
                    aHasFinishedWaiting.set(true);
                }
            }
        };
    
        Thread threadB = new Thread("Thread B") {
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("B1: Could print before or after A1");

                System.out.println("B2: Thread B is about to wait for 10 seconds");
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                    try {                        
                        Thread.sleep(1000); // sleep for 1 second 
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        System.err.println("Thread B was interrupted from waiting");
                    }
                }
            
                System.out.println("B3: Will ALWAYS print before A3 since "
                        + "A3 can only happen after obj.notify() is called.");
            
                while (!aHasFinishedWaiting.get()) {
                    synchronized (obj) {
                        // notify ONE thread which has called obj.wait()
                        obj.notify();
                    }
                }
            }
        };
    
        threadA.start();
        threadB.start();
    
        threadA.join();
        threadB.join();
    
        System.out.println("Finished!");
    }
}

一些示例輸出：

A1: Could print before or after B1
B1: Could print before or after A1
A2: Thread A is about to start waiting...
B2: Thread B is about to wait for 10 seconds
B3: Will ALWAYS print before A3 since A3 can only happen after obj.notify() is called.
A3: Thread A has finished waiting. Guaranteed to happen after B3
Finished!

B1: Could print before or after A1
B2: Thread B is about to wait for 10 seconds
A1: Could print before or after B1
A2: Thread A is about to start waiting...
B3: Will ALWAYS print before A3 since A3 can only happen after obj.notify() is called.
A3: Thread A has finished waiting. Guaranteed to happen after B3
Finished!

A1: Could print before or after B1
A2: Thread A is about to start waiting...
B1: Could print before or after A1
B2: Thread B is about to wait for 10 seconds
B3: Will ALWAYS print before A3 since A3 can only happen after obj.notify() is called.
A3: Thread A has finished waiting. Guaranteed to happen after B3
Finished!