靜態的

static 關鍵字用於類，方法或欄位，以使它們獨立於類的任何例項工作。

• 靜態欄位對於類的所有例項都是通用的。他們不需要例項來訪問它們。
• 靜態方法可以在沒有它們所在類的例項的情況下執行。但是，它們只能訪問該類的靜態欄位。
• 靜態類可以在其他類中宣告。它們不需要例項化它們所在類的例項。

public class TestStatic
{
    static int staticVariable;

    static {
        // This block of code is run when the class first loads
        staticVariable = 11;
    }

    int nonStaticVariable = 5;

    static void doSomething() {
        // We can access static variables from static methods
        staticVariable = 10;
    }

    void add() {
        // We can access both static and non-static variables from non-static methods
        nonStaticVariable += staticVariable;
    }

    static class StaticInnerClass {
        int number;
        public StaticInnerClass(int _number) {
            number = _number;
        }

        void doSomething() {
            // We can access number and staticVariable, but not nonStaticVariable
            number += staticVariable;
        }

        int getNumber() {
            return number;
        }
    }
}

// Static fields and methods
TestStatic object1 = new TestStatic();

System.out.println(object1.staticVariable); // 11
System.out.println(TestStatic.staticVariable); // 11

TestStatic.doSomething();

TestStatic object2 = new TestStatic();

System.out.println(object1.staticVariable); // 10
System.out.println(object2.staticVariable); // 10
System.out.println(TestStatic.staticVariable); // 10

object1.add();

System.out.println(object1.nonStaticVariable); // 15
System.out.println(object2.nonStaticVariable); // 10

// Static inner classes
StaticInnerClass object3 = new TestStatic.StaticInnerClass(100);
StaticInnerClass object4 = new TestStatic.StaticInnerClass(200);

System.out.println(object3.getNumber()); // 100
System.out.println(object4.getNumber()); // 200

object3.doSomething();

System.out.println(object3.getNumber()); // 110
System.out.println(object4.getNumber()); // 200