為 WCF 服務實現 IErrorHandler

為 WCF 服務實現 IErrorHandler 是集中錯誤處理和日誌記錄的好方法。此處顯示的實現應該捕獲由於呼叫你的某個 WCF 服務而引發的任何未處理的異常。此示例中還顯示瞭如何返回自定義物件,以及如何返回 JSON 而不是預設 XML。

實現 IErrorHandler:

using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Web;

namespace BehaviorsAndInspectors
{
    public class ErrorHandler : IErrorHandler
    {

        public bool HandleError(Exception ex)
        {
            // Log exceptions here

            return true;

        } // end

        public void ProvideFault(Exception ex, MessageVersion version, ref Message fault)
        {
            // Get the outgoing response portion of the current context
            var response = WebOperationContext.Current.OutgoingResponse;

            // Set the default http status code 
            response.StatusCode = HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError;

            // Add ContentType header that specifies we are using JSON
            response.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/json").ToString();

            // Create the fault message that is returned (note the ref parameter) with BaseDataResponseContract                
            fault = Message.CreateMessage(
                version,
                string.Empty,
                new CustomReturnType { ErrorMessage = "An unhandled exception occurred!" },
                new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(BaseDataResponseContract), new List<Type> { typeof(BaseDataResponseContract) }));

            if (ex.GetType() == typeof(VariousExceptionTypes))
            {
                 // You might want to catch different types of exceptions here and process them differently
            }

            // Tell WCF to use JSON encoding rather than default XML
            var webBodyFormatMessageProperty = new WebBodyFormatMessageProperty(WebContentFormat.Json);
            fault.Properties.Add(WebBodyFormatMessageProperty.Name, webBodyFormatMessageProperty);

        } // end

    } // end class

} // end namespace

在此示例中,我們將處理程式附加到服務行為。你也可以以類似的方式將此附加到 IEndpointBehavior,IContractBehavior 或 IOperationBehavior。

附加到服務行為:

using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.ServiceModel.Configuration;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;

namespace BehaviorsAndInspectors
{
    public class ErrorHandlerExtension : BehaviorExtensionElement, IServiceBehavior
    {
        public override Type BehaviorType
        {
            get { return GetType(); }
        }

        protected override object CreateBehavior()
        {
            return this;
        }

        private IErrorHandler GetInstance()
        {
            return new ErrorHandler();
        }

        void IServiceBehavior.AddBindingParameters(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase, Collection<ServiceEndpoint> endpoints, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { } // end

        void IServiceBehavior.ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase)
        {
            var errorHandlerInstance = GetInstance();

            foreach (ChannelDispatcher dispatcher in serviceHostBase.ChannelDispatchers)
            {
                dispatcher.ErrorHandlers.Add(errorHandlerInstance);
            }
        }

        void IServiceBehavior.Validate(ServiceDescription serviceDescription, ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase) { } // end
      
    } // end class

} // end namespace

Web.config 中的配置:

...
<system.serviceModel>

    <services>      
      <service name="WebServices.MyService">
        <endpoint binding="webHttpBinding" contract="WebServices.IMyService" />
      </service>
    </services>

    <extensions>      
      <behaviorExtensions>        
        <!-- This extension if for the WCF Error Handling-->
        <add name="ErrorHandlerBehavior" type="WebServices.BehaviorsAndInspectors.ErrorHandlerExtensionBehavior, WebServices, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" />      
      </behaviorExtensions>    
    </extensions>

    <behaviors>          
      <serviceBehaviors>        
        <behavior>
          <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>
          <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true"/>
          <ErrorHandlerBehavior />
        </behavior>     
      </serviceBehaviors>    
    </behaviors>

    ....
</system.serviceModel>
...

以下是一些可能對此主題有幫助的連結:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.servicemodel.dispatcher.ierrorhandler(v=vs.100).aspx

http://www.brainthud.com/cards/5218/25441/which-four-behavior-interfaces-exist-for-interacting-with-a-service-or-client-description-what-methods-do-they-落實和

其他例子:

當 HTTP 狀態程式碼為 401 Unauthorized 時,IErrorHandler 返回錯誤的訊息體

IErrorHandler 似乎沒有處理我在 WCF 中的錯誤..任何想法?

如何使用非 OK http 程式碼使自定義 WCF 錯誤處理程式返回 JSON 響應?

如何為 HttpClient 請求設定 Content-Type 標頭?