关闭基础知识

闭包 （也称为块或 lambdas ）是可以在程序中存储和传递的代码段。

let sayHi = { print("Hello") }
// The type of sayHi is "() -> ()", aka "() -> Void"

sayHi()  // prints "Hello"

与其他函数一样，闭包可以接受参数并返回结果或抛出错误 ：

let addInts = { (x: Int, y: Int) -> Int in
    return x + y
}
// The type of addInts is "(Int, Int) -> Int"

let result = addInts(1, 2)  // result is 3

let divideInts = { (x: Int, y: Int) throws -> Int in
    if y == 0 {
        throw MyErrors.DivisionByZero
    }
    return x / y
}
// The type of divideInts is "(Int, Int) throws -> Int"

闭包可以从其范围中捕获值：

// This function returns another function which returns an integer
func makeProducer(x: Int) -> (() -> Int) {
    let closure = { x }  // x is captured by the closure
    return closure
}

// These two function calls use the exact same code,
// but each closure has captured different values.
let three = makeProducer(3)
let four = makeProducer(4)
three()  // returns 3
four()  // returns 4

闭包可以直接传递给函数：

let squares = (1...10).map({ $0 * $0 })  // returns [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
let squares = (1...10).map { $0 * $0 }

NSURLSession.sharedSession().dataTaskWithURL(myURL,
    completionHandler: { (data: NSData?, response: NSURLResponse?, error: NSError?) in
        if let data = data {
            print("Request succeeded, data: \(data)")
        } else {
            print("Request failed: \(error)")
        }
    }).resume()