Seq 上的模式匹配

检查集合中的精确元素数量

def f(ints: Seq[Int]): String = ints match {
  case Seq() =>
      "The Seq is empty !"
  case Seq(first) =>
      s"The seq has exactly one element : $first"
  case Seq(first, second) =>
      s"The seq has exactly two elements : $first, $second"
  case  s @ Seq(_, _, _) => 
      s"s is a Seq of length three and looks like ${s}"  // Note individual elements are not bound to their own names.
  case s: Seq[Int] if s.length == 4 =>
      s"s is a Seq of Ints of exactly length 4"  // Again, individual elements are not bound to their own names.
  case _ =>
      "No match was found!"
}

现场演示

提取第一个（s）元素并将其余元素保留为集合：

def f(ints: Seq[Int]): String = ints match {
  case Seq(first, second, tail @ _*) =>
      s"The seq has at least two elements : $first, $second. The rest of the Seq is $tail"
  case Seq(first, tail @ _*) =>
      s"The seq has at least one element : $first. The rest of the Seq is $tail"
  // alternative syntax
  // here of course this one will never match since it checks
  // for the same thing as the one above
  case first +: tail =>
      s"The seq has at least one element : $first. The rest of the Seq is $tail"
  case _ =>
      "The seq didn't match any of the above, so it must be empty"
}

通常，可以使用任何可用于构造序列的形式来对现有序列进行模式匹配。

请注意，虽然使用 Nil 和::将在模式匹配序列时起作用，但它确实将其转换为 List，并且可能会产生意外结果。限制自己使用 Seq( ...) 和+:来避免这种情况。

请注意，虽然使用::不适用于 WrappedArray，Vector 等，请参阅：

scala> def f(ints:Seq[Int]) = ints match {
     | case h::t => h
     | case _ => "No match"
     | }
f: (ints: Seq[Int])Any

scala> f(Array(1,2))
res0: Any = No match

和+:

scala> def g(ints:Seq[Int]) = ints match {
     | case h+:t => h
     | case _ => "No match"
     | }
g: (ints: Seq[Int])Any

scala> g(Array(1,2).toSeq)
res4: Any = 1