代理

代理对象通常用于确保对另一个对象的保护访问，这个内部业务逻辑我们不希望污染安全要求。

假设我们要保证只有特定权限的用户才能访问资源。

代理定义:(确保只有实际可以看到预订的用户才能使用 consumer_service）

class Proxy
  def initialize(current_user, reservation_service)
    @current_user = current_user
    @reservation_service = reservation_service
  end

  def highest_total_price_reservations(date_from, date_to, reservations_count)
    if @current_user.can_see_reservations?
      @reservation_service.highest_total_price_reservations(
        date_from, 
        date_to, 
        reservations_count
      )
    else
      []
    end
  end 
end

型号和预订服务：

class Reservation
  attr_reader :total_price, :date

  def initialize(date, total_price)
    @date = date
    @total_price = total_price
  end
end

class ReservationService
  def highest_total_price_reservations(date_from, date_to, reservations_count)
    # normally it would be read from database/external service
    reservations = [
      Reservation.new(Date.new(2014, 5, 15), 100),
      Reservation.new(Date.new(2017, 5, 15), 10),          
      Reservation.new(Date.new(2017, 1, 15), 50)
    ]

    filtered_reservations = reservations.select do |reservation|
      reservation.date.between?(date_from, date_to) 
    end

    filtered_reservations.take(reservations_count)
  end
end        

class User
  attr_reader :name

  def initialize(can_see_reservations, name)
    @can_see_reservations = can_see_reservations
    @name = name
  end

  def can_see_reservations?
    @can_see_reservations
  end
end

消费者服务：

class StatsService
  def initialize(reservation_service)
    @reservation_service = reservation_service
  end

  def year_top_100_reservations_average_total_price(year)
    reservations = @reservation_service.highest_total_price_reservations(
      Date.new(year, 1, 1),
      Date.new(year, 12, 31),
      100
    )

    if reservations.length > 0
      sum = reservations.reduce(0) do |memo, reservation| 
        memo + reservation.total_price
      end

      sum / reservations.length
    else
      0
    end
  end
end

测试：

def test(user, year)
  reservations_service = Proxy.new(user, ReservationService.new)
  stats_service = StatsService.new(reservations_service)
  average_price = stats_service.year_top_100_reservations_average_total_price(year)
  puts "#{user.name} will see: #{average_price}"
end

test(User.new(true, "John the Admin"), 2017)
test(User.new(false, "Guest"),         2017)

优点

• 当访问限制发生变化时，我们会避免在 ReservationService 中进行任何更改。
• 我们没有将业务相关数据（date_from，date_to，reservations_count）与服务中的域无关概念（用户权限）混合在一起。
• 消费者（StatsService）也没有权限相关的逻辑

CAVEATS

• 代理接口始终与它隐藏的对象完全相同，因此使用代理包含的服务的用户甚至不知道代理存在。