测试类规则

假设我们有一个简单的 LoginForm 类，带有 rules() 方法（在登录页面中用作框架模板）：

class LoginForm {
    public $email;
    public $rememberMe;
    public $password;

    /* rules() method returns an array with what each field has as a requirement.
     * Login form uses email and password to authenticate user.
     */
    public function rules() {
        return [
            // Email and Password are both required
            [['email', 'password'], 'required'],

            // Email must be in email format
            ['email', 'email'],

            // rememberMe must be a boolean value
            ['rememberMe', 'boolean'],

            // Password must match this pattern (must contain only letters and numbers)
            ['password', 'match', 'pattern' => '/^[a-z0-9]+$/i'],
        ];
    }

    /** the validate function checks for correctness of the passed rules */
    public function validate($rule) {
        $success = true;
        list($var, $type) = $rule;
        foreach ((array) $var as $var) {
            switch ($type) {
                case "required":
                    $success = $success && $this->$var != "";
                    break;
                case "email":
                    $success = $success && filter_var($this->$var, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL);
                    break;
                case "boolean":
                    $success = $success && filter_var($this->$var, FILTER_VALIDATE_BOOLEAN, FILTER_NULL_ON_FAILURE) !== null;
                    break;
                case "match":
                    $success = $success && preg_match($rule["pattern"], $this->$var);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Invalid filter type passed")
            }
        }
        return $success;
    }
}

为了对这个类进行测试，我们使用单元测试（检查源代码以查看它是否符合我们的期望）：

class LoginFormTest extends TestCase {
    protected $loginForm;

    // Executing code on the start of the test
    public function setUp() {
        $this->loginForm = new LoginForm;
    }

    // To validate our rules, we should use the validate() method

    /**
     * This method belongs to Unit test class LoginFormTest and
     * it's testing rules that are described above.
     */
    public function testRuleValidation() {
        $rules = $this->loginForm->rules();

        // Initialize to valid and test this
        $this->loginForm->email = "valid@email.com";
        $this->loginForm->password = "password";
        $this->loginForm->rememberMe = true;
        $this->assertTrue($this->loginForm->validate($rules), "Should be valid as nothing is invalid");

        // Test email validation
        // Since we made email to be in email format, it cannot be empty
        $this->loginForm->email = '';
        $this->assertFalse($this->loginForm->validate($rules), "Email should not be valid (empty)");

        // It does not contain "@" in string so it's invalid
        $this->loginForm->email = 'invalid.email.com';
        $this->assertFalse($this->loginForm->validate($rules), "Email should not be valid (invalid format)");

        // Revert email to valid for next test
        $this->loginForm->email = 'valid@email.com';

        // Test password validation
        // Password cannot be empty (since it's required)
        $this->loginForm->password = '';
        $this->assertFalse($this->loginForm->validate($rules), "Password should not be valid (empty)");

        // Revert password to valid for next test
        $this->loginForm->password = 'ThisIsMyPassword';

        // Test rememberMe validation
        $this->loginForm->rememberMe = 999;
        $this->assertFalse($this->loginForm->validate($rules), "RememberMe should not be valid (integer type)");

        // Revert remeberMe to valid for next test
        $this->loginForm->rememberMe = true;
    }
}

Unit 测试究竟如何帮助（不包括一般例子）？例如，当我们得到意想不到的结果时，它非常适合。例如，让我们从早些时候采取这个规则：

['password', 'match', 'pattern' => '/^[a-z0-9]+$/i'],

相反，如果我们错过了一件重要的事情并且写了这个：

['password', 'match', 'pattern' => '/^[a-z0-9]$/i'],

有了几十种不同的规则（假设我们不只使用电子邮件和密码），很难发现错误。本单元测试：

// Initialize to valid and test this
$this->loginForm->email = "valid@email.com";
$this->loginForm->password = "password";
$this->loginForm->rememberMe = true;
$this->assertTrue($this->loginForm->validate($rules), "Should be valid as nothing is invalid");

将通过我们的第一个例子而不是第二个。为什么？因为在第二个例子中我们写了一个带有拼写错误的模式（错过了+符号），这意味着它只接受一个字母/数字。

**** 可以使用命令在控制台中运行单元测试：phpunit [path_to_file]。如果一切正常，我们应该能够看到所有测试都处于 OK 状态，否则我们将看到 Error（语法错误）或 Fail（该方法中至少有一行未通过）。

使用 --coverage 等附加参数，我们还可以直观地看到后端代码中有多少行被测试以及哪些行已通过/失败。这适用于已安装 PHPUnit 的任何框架。

示例 PHPUnit test 在控制台中的样子（一般看，不是根据这个例子）：