使用 Runnable 类实例执行不需要返回值的异步任务

某些应用程序可能希望创建所谓的 Fire&Forget 任务，这些任务可以定期触发，并且不需要返回完成分配的任务后返回的任何类型的值（例如，清除旧的临时文件，旋转日志，自动保存状态）。

在这个例子中，我们将创建两个类：一个实现 Runnable 接口，另一个包含 main() 方法。

AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter.java

import lombok.extern.java.Log;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Log
public class AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter implements Runnable {
    private int taskNumber;

    public AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter(int taskNumber) {
        this.taskNumber = taskNumber;
    }

    public void run() {
        int timeout = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1, 20);
        try {
            log.info(String.format("Task %d is sleeping for %d seconds", taskNumber, timeout));
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeout);
            log.info(String.format("Task %d is done sleeping", taskNumber));

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            log.warning(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

AsyncExample1

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class AsyncExample1 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
            executorService.execute(new AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter(i));
        }
        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

运行 AsyncExample1.main() 导致以下输出：

Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 8 is sleeping for 18 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 6 is sleeping for 4 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 2 is sleeping for 6 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 3 is sleeping for 4 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 9 is sleeping for 14 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 4 is sleeping for 9 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 5 is sleeping for 10 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 0 is sleeping for 7 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 1 is sleeping for 9 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 7 is sleeping for 8 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:07 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 6 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:07 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 3 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:09 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 2 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:10 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 0 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:11 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 7 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:12 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 4 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:12 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 1 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:13 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 5 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:17 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 9 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:21 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 8 is done sleeping

Process finished with exit code 0

注意事项： 上面的输出中有几点需要注意，

1. 任务没有按可预测的顺序执行。
2. 由于每个任务都在（伪）随机时间内休眠，因此它们不一定按照调用它们的顺序完成。