格式化文本

fmt 实现了使用格式动词打印和格式化文本的功能。动词用百分号表示。

一般动词:

%v    // the value in a default format
      // when printing structs, the plus flag (%+v) adds field names
%#v   // a Go-syntax representation of the value
%T    // a Go-syntax representation of the type of the value
%%    // a literal percent sign; consumes no value

布尔:

%t    // the word true or false

整数:

%b    // base 2
%c    // the character represented by the corresponding Unicode code point
%d    // base 10
%o    // base 8
%q    // a single-quoted character literal safely escaped with Go syntax.
%x    // base 16, with lower-case letters for a-f
%X    // base 16, with upper-case letters for A-F
%U    // Unicode format: U+1234; same as "U+%04X"

浮点和复杂的成分:

%b    // decimalless scientific notation with exponent a power of two,
      // in the manner of strconv.FormatFloat with the 'b' format,
      // e.g. -123456p-78
%e    // scientific notation, e.g. -1.234456e+78
%E    // scientific notation, e.g. -1.234456E+78
%f    // decimal point but no exponent, e.g. 123.456
%F    // synonym for %f
%g    // %e for large exponents, %f otherwise
%G    // %E for large exponents, %F otherwise

字符串和字节切片(与这些动词等效处理):

%s    // the uninterpreted bytes of the string or slice
%q    // a double-quoted string safely escaped with Go syntax
%x    // base 16, lower-case, two characters per byte
%X    // base 16, upper-case, two characters per byte

指针:

%p    // base 16 notation, with leading 0x

使用动词,你可以创建串联多种类型的字符串:

text1 := fmt.Sprintf("Hello %s", "World")
text2 := fmt.Sprintf("%d + %d = %d", 2, 3, 5)
text3 := fmt.Sprintf("%s, %s (Age: %d)", "Obama", "Barack", 55)

函数 Sprintf 格式化第一个参数中的字符串,用下一个参数中的值替换动词,并返回结果。像 Sprintf 一样,函数 Printf 也可以格式化,但不是返回结果,而是打印字符串。