索引和检索文档

Elasticsearch 通过 HTTP REST API 访问，通常使用 cURL 库。搜索服务器和客户端（你或你的应用程序）之间的消息以 JSON 字符串的形式发送。默认情况下，Elasticsearch 在端口 9200 上运行。

在下面的示例中，添加了 ?pretty 以告诉 Elasticsearch 美化 JSON 响应。在应用程序中使用这些端点时，无需添加此查询参数。

索引文档

如果我们打算稍后更新索引中的信息，最好为我们索引的文档分配唯一的 ID。要将文档添加到名为 megacorp 的索引中，使用类型 employee 和 ID 1 运行：

curl -XPUT "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty" -d'
{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}' 

响应：

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 1,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

如果在发送 PUT 调用时它不存在，则创建索引。

没有 ID 的索引

POST /megacorp/employee?pretty
{
    "first_name" :  "Jane",
    "last_name" :   "Smith",
    "age" :         32,
    "about" :       "I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests":  [ "music" ]
}

响应：

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "AVYg2mBJYy9ijdngfeGa",
  "_version": 1,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 2,
    "successful": 2,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "created": true
}

检索文件

curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1?pretty"

响应：

{
  "_index": "megacorp",
  "_type": "employee",
  "_id": "1",
  "_version": 1,
  "found": true,
  "_source": {
    "first_name": "John",
    "last_name": "Smith",
    "age": 25,
    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [
      "sports",
      "music"
    ]
  }
}

从 employee 中获取 megacorp 索引中的 10 个文档：

curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?pretty"

响应：

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 2,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "AVYg2mBJYy9ijdngfeGa",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "Jane",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 32,
          "about": "I like to collect rock albums",
          "interests": [
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

使用 match 查询进行简单搜索，该查询在提供的字段中查找完全匹配：

curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search" -d'
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "last_name" : "Smith"
        }
    }
}'

响应：

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 1,
    "max_score": 0.6931472,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "megacorp",
        "_type": "employee",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.6931472,
        "_source": {
          "first_name": "John",
          "last_name": "Smith",
          "age": 25,
          "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
          "interests": [
            "sports",
            "music"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}