简单的对称文件加密

以下代码示例演示了使用 AES 对称加密算法加密和解密文件的快速简便方法。

每次加密文件时，代码都会随机生成 Salt 和 Initialization Vectors，这意味着使用相同的密码加密相同的文件将始终导致不同的输出。salt 和 IV 将写入输出文件，因此只需要密码即可对其进行解密。

public static void ProcessFile(string inputPath, string password, bool encryptMode, string outputPath)
{
    using (var cypher = new AesManaged())
    using (var fsIn = new FileStream(inputPath, FileMode.Open))
    using (var fsOut = new FileStream(outputPath, FileMode.Create))
    {
        const int saltLength = 256;
        var salt = new byte[saltLength];
        var iv = new byte[cypher.BlockSize / 8];

        if (encryptMode)
        {
            // Generate random salt and IV, then write them to file
            using (var rng = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider())
            {
                rng.GetBytes(salt);
                rng.GetBytes(iv);
            }
            fsOut.Write(salt, 0, salt.Length);
            fsOut.Write(iv, 0, iv.Length);
        }
        else
        {
            // Read the salt and IV from the file
            fsIn.Read(salt, 0, saltLength);
            fsIn.Read(iv, 0, iv.Length);
        }

        // Generate a secure password, based on the password and salt provided
        var pdb = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(password, salt);
        var key = pdb.GetBytes(cypher.KeySize / 8);

        // Encrypt or decrypt the file
        using (var cryptoTransform = encryptMode
            ? cypher.CreateEncryptor(key, iv)
            : cypher.CreateDecryptor(key, iv))
        using (var cs = new CryptoStream(fsOut, cryptoTransform, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
        {
            fsIn.CopyTo(cs);
        }
    }
}