使用 Runnable 類例項執行不需要返回值的非同步任務

某些應用程式可能希望建立所謂的 Fire&Forget 任務，這些任務可以定期觸發，並且不需要返回完成分配的任務後返回的任何型別的值（例如，清除舊的臨時檔案，旋轉日誌，自動儲存狀態）。

在這個例子中，我們將建立兩個類：一個實現 Runnable 介面，另一個包含 main() 方法。

AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter.java

import lombok.extern.java.Log;

import java.util.concurrent.ThreadLocalRandom;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Log
public class AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter implements Runnable {
    private int taskNumber;

    public AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter(int taskNumber) {
        this.taskNumber = taskNumber;
    }

    public void run() {
        int timeout = ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1, 20);
        try {
            log.info(String.format("Task %d is sleeping for %d seconds", taskNumber, timeout));
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeout);
            log.info(String.format("Task %d is done sleeping", taskNumber));

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            log.warning(e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

AsyncExample1

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class AsyncExample1 {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
            executorService.execute(new AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter(i));
        }
        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

執行 AsyncExample1.main() 導致以下輸出：

Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 8 is sleeping for 18 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 6 is sleeping for 4 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 2 is sleeping for 6 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 3 is sleeping for 4 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 9 is sleeping for 14 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 4 is sleeping for 9 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 5 is sleeping for 10 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 0 is sleeping for 7 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 1 is sleeping for 9 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:03 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 7 is sleeping for 8 seconds
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:07 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 6 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:07 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 3 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:09 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 2 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:10 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 0 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:11 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 7 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:12 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 4 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:12 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 1 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:13 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 5 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:17 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 9 is done sleeping
Dec 28, 2016 2:21:21 PM AsyncMaintenanceTaskCompleter run
INFO: Task 8 is done sleeping

Process finished with exit code 0

注意事項： 上面的輸出中有幾點需要注意，

1. 任務沒有按可預測的順序執行。
2. 由於每個任務都在（偽）隨機時間內休眠，因此它們不一定按照呼叫它們的順序完成。