3.協變智慧指標結果(自動清理)

// 3. Covariant smart pointer result (automated cleanup).

#include <memory>
using std::unique_ptr;

template< class Type >
auto up( Type* p ) { return unique_ptr<Type>( p ); }

class Top
{
private:
    virtual Top* virtual_clone() const = 0;

public:
    unique_ptr<Top> clone() const
    { return up( virtual_clone() ); }

    virtual ~Top() = default;       // Necessary for `delete` via Top*.
};

class D : public Top
{
private:
    D* /* ← Covariant return */ virtual_clone() const override
    { return new D( *this ); }

public:
    unique_ptr<D> /* ← Apparent covariant return */ clone() const
    { return up( virtual_clone() ); }
};

class DD : public D
{
private:
    int answer_ = 42;

    DD* /* ← Covariant return */ virtual_clone() const override
    { return new DD( *this ); }

public:
    int answer() const
    { return answer_;}

    unique_ptr<DD> /* ← Apparent covariant return */ clone() const
    { return up( virtual_clone() ); }
};

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    auto  p1 = unique_ptr<DD>(new DD());
    auto  p2 = p1->clone();
    // Correct dynamic type DD for *p2 is guaranteed by the static type checking.

    cout << p2->answer() << endl;          // "42"
    // Cleanup is automated via unique_ptr.
 }